The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had in April 2018 ordered financial institutions to break off all ties with individuals or businesses dealing in virtual currency such as Bitcoin within three months.

The ban led to plummeting trade volumes and exchanges shutting their businesses.

A three-judge Supreme Court bench said in their ruling that while the central bank had the power to take pre-emptive action, the court questioned the "proportionality" of such measures.

"RBI needs to show at least some semblance of any damage suffered by its regulated entities. But there is none," the court said in a 180-page ruling.

Nischal Shetty, chief executive of the WazirX cryptocurrency exchange, welcomed the ruling saying investment had stopped “in the crypto and blockchain space in India”, but that would now change.

However, the industry still faces hurdles as a government panel has recommended a ban on all private cryptocurrencies.

In July, the panel also recommended jail of up to 10 years and heavy fines for anyone dealing in digital currencies.

The government has yet to act on those recommendations or to finalise regulations around cryptocurrencies.

The government and central bank have repeatedly warned the public about the risk of cryptocurrencies.

If the government were to follow the panel’s recommendations, it could signal the end of digital currencies in India.

Anirudh Rastogi, the founder of Ikigai Law, a firm that represented crypto exchanges in the lawsuit, said there was an "overarching fear" that the government might still introduce a law against cryptocurrencies.

"But for now, this is a good move as the exchanges can go back to crypto-to-fiat trade which had stopped," Rastogi said.

Governments around the world have been looking into ways to regulate cryptocurrencies but no major economy has taken the drastic step of placing a blanket ban on owning them, even though concern has been raised about the misuse of consumer data and its possible impact on the financial system.

The need for regulations surrounding digital currencies has also gained momentum after Facebook Inc announced plans to launch its cryptocurrency, Libra.

Several central banks around the world are also considering issuing their own digital currencies in the next few years, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) said in a report in January.

India’s government-appointed committee had also recommended considering the launch of an officially backed digital currency for use in the country, which can function like bank notes and be regulated by the central bank.

Eyes will now be on the RBI to see if it comes up with new regulations surrounding digital currencies that can address regulatory concerns as well as aid growth in the ecosystem, said L Viswanathan, a partner at the Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas law firm.

“This might also catalyse the potential for the use of blockchain in diverse areas,” Viswanathan said of the ruling.

(Published by Reuters, March 4, 2020)
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